This Code establishes the rules that determine the land rights recognized or that can be recognized in all lands located on the national territory and everything that is combined with and incorporated into them, either naturally or artificially.

All the land located on the national territory constitutes the national land heritage. Specific laws govern certain aspects of real estate activity such as urban planning, real estate development and real estate professions.

Specific laws also determine the respective regimes of forests, protected areas, water, as well as mining and petroleum substances. Soil conservation and protection are governed by environmental regulations.