Burundi, with an area of 27834 km², is characterized by 5 ecoclimatic zones, namely the low plain of Imbo, the steep region of Mumirwa, the mountainous area of the Congo-Nile Ridge, the central plateaus and the depressions of Kumoso and Bugesera. Burundi is located between the meridians 29°00'-30°25 East and the parallels 2°20°-4°25' South.

The climate of Burundi is a humid tropical climate influenced by the altitude which varies between 773 m and 2670 m. It is characterized by an alternation of the rainy season and the dry season. Burundi belongs to two hydrographic basins, namely the Nile basin with an area of 13,800 km² and the Congo river basin with an area of 14,034 km².

According to the provisional results of the general census of August 2008, the population of Burundi was estimated at 8038,618 inhabitants in 2008 with approximately 51.1% women and nearly 48.9% men. With 289 inhabitants/km² compared to an average of 18 inhabitants/km² in Central Africa, Burundi's population density is among the highest in Africa.

Burundi is an essentially agricultural country. Agriculture and livestock contribute to a fraction generally between 40% and 60% of GDP. Agricultural exports (coffee, tea, cotton, etc.) represent 70 to 85% of export earnings.