In Burundi, several researches on medicinal plants have been carried out either by national institutions or by foreign institutions without measures being taken to avoid biopiracy. Burundi has made a clear commitment, made through the National Strategy and Action Plan on Biological Diversity, to put in place procedures for access to genetic resources and associated traditional knowledge in order to ensure fair and equitable sharing of the resulting benefits and has adopted a National Strategy and Action Plan relating thereto, whose vision is: “By 2020, access to genetic resources and associated traditional knowledge is granted through fair and equitable sharing of the associated benefits and has adopted a related National Strategy and Action Plan whose vision is: “By 2020, access to genetic resources and associated traditional knowledge is granted through fair and equitable sharing. Some advantages resulting in favor of the beneficiaries, mainly local and indigenous communities, and by guaranteeing essential benefits for current and future generations”.