The fauna of Burundi has been the subject of systematic collection and identification since colonial times during systematic biological explorations. The most important biological exploration organized by the colonial authority was that of 1946-1947 on Lake Tanganyika. The scientific collections of this fauna are preserved outside Burundi, mainly in Belgium. After the 1960s, some additions could be made as part of numerous projects for the development and management of national parks and reserves, but taxonomic knowledge was not a primary objective and invertebrates were the least concerned. Since 1992, biological inventories have been carried out in protected areas, the most important being those financed by the United States Peace Corps Biological Diversity Project in support of Burundi. It is within the framework of this project that some data on Lepidoptera in Kibira National Park and Bururi Forest Nature Reserve were collected.