This activity consists in developing a program to monitor biodiversity and its threats and establishing an operational mechanism for its implementation in Kibira and Ruvubu National Parks. This activity followed several stages. Together with an international consultant, we travelled through both parks and consulted with conservators and coastal communities to identify key species and threats whose evolution is likely to influence the quality of the parks in a visible way, negatively or positively, and in a visible way, and to make detailed descriptions of them by showing the factors of their influence. The species and threats selected with the factors of their influence were submitted for validation in order to reach a consensus during a workshop organized on 14 October 2016 at the King's Conference Center in Bujumbura (Appendix 1). We then undertook inventory and enumeration activities of the selected species and an analysis of the extent of the targeted threats through an exhaustive organizational mechanism with the involvement of communities.

Based on the quantitative data collected on species and targeted threats, we formulated monitoring indicators in various formats depending on the case (cartographic, graphical, tabular data, etc.) and made projections of possible changes by considering the negative and positive contexts each time. These formulated indicators were submitted for validation in order to reach consensus during a national workshop organized on 22 November 2016 (Appendix 2). In parallel with the formulation of the indicators, we have prepared monitoring sheets containing details of the elements on which observations on the species and the threats to be monitored will focus. These sheets visualize a certain correlation with the indicators they intend to check.

The prepared sheets were also submitted for validation to reach consensus during the national workshop of the same workshop on November 22, 2016. Based on these sheets, we organized guided field sessions for them to be tested by park officials on 23 to 24 2016 (Appendix 3 and 4). In the field, we determined the monitoring periods that could vary according to the movement of change for a given species and threat. We also discussed a system for transmitting data to headquarters, either data collection sheets or data already processed depending on the case. These validated and tested sheets allowed us to create a data recording system with Excel files facilitating the easy recording and interpretation of the results in order to verify the indicators. Managers and agents were trained on the use of this system during the workshop from 25 to 26 November 2016 (Appendix 5). Taking into account the observed abilities to understand and use the tools, we created a biodiversity monitoring team composed of 6 people, including 2 for each park and two registration officers at headquarters. This report document is therefore a summary of the several elements, tools and guides for collecting and managing data, comparing situations and interpreting the biodiversity situation at a given time. It focuses on the following important points: - Identification of key species and threats for monitoring biodiversity trends; - Definition of indicators and preparation of biodiversity change monitoring sheets; - Data recording system with Excel files; - Data recording system with Excel files; - Monitoring program; - Conclusion.