The objective of this study is to characterize the structure of the Gisagara Protected Landscape (PPG) in eastern Burundi. Data were collected in 55 square plots with a side of 20 m where all individuals of woody species with a circumference of at least 15 cm were inventoried. The structure was analyzed by calculating the density, the basal area and the species importance value index as well as establishing the circumferential structure. The results made it possible to identify 54 woody species totaling 3273 individuals with a density of 1488/ha and a basal area of 21 m 2 /ha. The species Julbernadia globiflora (Benth.) Troupin and Brachystegia longifolia Benth. are the most represented in the PPG with a density of 533.6 stems/ha and 263.6 stems/ha respectively. The species J. globiflora (IVI = 53.30), B. longifolia (IVI = 30.30), Combretum molle R.Br. ex G.Don (IVI = 6.43) and Brachystegia microphylla Harms (IVI = 5.88) are the most ecologically important than the others. The grouping of individuals into circumference classes revealed an “L” shape indicating the dominance of individuals of small circumference. This study is the first carried out to characterize the structure of PPG. It lays the foundations for new lines of research oriented towards the in-depth knowledge of the woody populations of this environment. The stakeholders involved in the management of the PPG will be able to draw on the results of this work in the implementation of the management and development plan for this protected area.