The aim of this study is to improve knowledge about the flora of the Ruvubu National Park and to characterize the dynamics of its habitats through the interpretation of the ecological spectra of vegetation and the predominant abiotic factors in this park. A sampling was carried out on 31 permanent plots along 4 transects distributed one per administrative sector of the Park. The study distinguishes 10 vegetation entities subdivided into 31 types of elementary vegetation, i.e. as many corresponding habitats. On the floristic level, 563 species divided into 315 genera and 97 families have been inventoried. Cosmopolitan families (Fabaceae, Asteraceae and Poaceae) dominate. Analysis of biological spectra shows a predominance of phanerophytes and hemicryptophytes. Phytogeographically, the flora of this park proved to be the result of an interpenetration of the Zambezian and Eastern domains. The physiognomic and structural characteristics reflect vegetation mainly influenced by annual bushfires. The absence of these fires, especially late ones, could induce a resumption of the gradual dynamics of habitats in this park. The inventory carried out in this article will facilitate the strengthening of a system for monitoring the dynamics of its habitats, which is underway in protected areas in Burundi.