This book is produced as part of the Burundian CHM Project: “Let's value traditional knowledge about biological diversity in Burundi”. In presenting this overview of Burundi's biological resources and associated traditional knowledge, our main concern is to highlight the complex and diverse usefulness of Burundi's natural ecosystems in the daily life of the population. Thus, we hope that this book will encourage Environmental Protectors to conserve these unsuspected resources on which the local population depends enormously and to safeguard the holders of local knowledge now understood as living libraries. This document is also intended for Ecologists, Foresters, Pharmacologists, Pharmacologists, Students, Amateurs, in short to any nature friend who wants to know the richness and diversity of the biological resources of the natural environments of Burundi.