In order to elucidate the diversity of indigenous woody plants in anthropized landscapes, a study was conducted in the Kabuye Zone in Commune Matongo (Burundi), a municipality crossed by the Congo-Nile ridge. For its part, the Kabuye Zone is overlooked in the west by a natural plant formation, the Kibira National Park. The study was based mainly on botanical investigations and is part of the prospects for the sustainable management of indigenous wood resources in agroecosystems. The floristic inventory reported 51 woody species distributed in 28 families, with a dominance of Dicotyledons at 94%. Eighteen families are monogeneric and monospecific. The families Leguminosae, Euphorbiaceae, Moraceae, and Rubiaceae are each represented by at least four species. The study also highlighted, according to the local population, 12 endangered indigenous woody species, even if not all of them are listed on the IUCN red list. It is therefore high time to rethink strategies for the valorization and conservation of indigenous wood species in anthropized landscapes to ensure the sustainability of the goods and services they offer.