In order to inform the management plan of the Kibira NP, and to contribute to the identification of current and alternative livelihood strategies for forest communities in this park and other parks in Burundi, the objectives of the article are: (i) to study which forest ecosystem services (ES) are identified and prioritized by local communities, and whether they differ according to subsistence strategies; (ii) to assess whether different ethnic groups have a geographic dependence or a identity of different place with the forest, (iii) for determine whether different ethnic groups select different forest species for SE supplies, and (iv) whether species of plants of conservation concern are used by local communities.