The Burundian economy is characterized by a series of unfavorable situations, the most important of which are: (i) the decline in GDP of 6.3% per year between 1993 and 2007; (ii) the increase in poverty with 84% of the poor living in rural areas and 67% of the rural population living below the poverty line; (iii) the increase in food insecurity, especially in the last ten years.

Moreover, at the World Food Summit (1996), at the World Food Summit (1996), Burundi committed itself to making food security one of the priorities of national development and donor countries to accord it priority in their development assistance policies. However, all initiatives in favor of food security have hitherto been scattered between different ministerial departments and other institutions (WFP, FAO, NGOs, etc.), making it difficult to achieve coherence in interventions due to the absence of effective coordination and a framework for consultation.

A National Food Security Program (PNSA) was therefore more than a necessity for Burundi. Rather, it is a DUTY of the government.