The Vyanda Forest Nature Reserve is under constant anthropogenic pressure and is in danger of disappearing before it is studied. The objective of the present study is to determine the composition and diversity of the vegetation of this reserve and to motivate the taking of locally adapted conservation measures. The study carried out an inventory of vegetation using the phytosociological survey method by Braun Blanquet (1932). Raw and weighted spectra of biological forms, diaspore types, and phytogeographic types have been established. The results of the floristic inventory reported 108 species divided into 81 genera and 41 families. In terms of biological forms and types of diaspores, phanerophytes and sarcochores dominate while hemicryptophytes as well as sclerochores are well represented. At the phytogeographic level, the study highlighted a strong representativeness of the Paleo-African element, the Sudano-Zambezian element and the Guineo-Congolese element. These spectra attest to the specificity of this reserve as a clear forest of the miombo type while highlighting the impact of the disturbances to which it is a victim. The study highlights the specific richness of the reserve and demonstrates the value of taking measures to stop human disturbances and to properly manage this natural environment. In fact, its diversity is great compared to other natural reserves in the neighborhood.