Invasive exotic species are recognized as the third cause of the erosion of global biodiversity. According to the latest estimates in the IUCN Red List, they are a threat to almost a third of threatened terrestrial species and are involved in half of known extinctions (Website: SW) 1. Invasive exotic species cause multiple impacts affecting native species, the functioning of ecosystems, and the goods and services they provide. These species are also the source of significant negative impacts for many economic activities and for human health. In Burundi, the proliferation of invasive plants is very worrying (MEEATU, 2013). The prevention and management of invasive alien species is one of the 20 Aichi Targets to be achieved by 2020, adopted by States Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity, including Burundi. In order to implement this Aichi target, this country has set itself, through its National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan, as objective 10: By 2015, the extent of invasive alien species and their routes of introduction are identified, practical measures and appropriate legislation are put in place to control and eradicate the most dangerous species. Thus, to implement this objective, the Government of Burundi, through the project “Improving the effectiveness of the management system of Protected Areas for the conservation of biodiversity in Burundi” under the joint funding of the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) and the Global Environment Facility (GEF), has begun the process of developing a text implementing the law No. 1/10 of 30 May 2011 on the creation and management of protected areas in Burundi. in relation to the regulation of invasive species. To properly conduct this process, it was imperative to first establish an inventory of invasive species in Burundi.