Lake Tanganyika is one of the hotspots internationally recognized as a global hotspot for biological diversity, representing some of the most varied aquatic ecosystems in the world (Groobridge and Jankins, 1998). It is one of the richest lakes with more than 1500 fauna and flora species including more than 300 species of fish. Half of the species of the Lake are endemic, including more than 250 species of fish (Coulter, G.W.1991). It is a lake whose northern part, at the mouth of the RUSIZI River, is very rich in birds including migratory ones.

Despite its rich biodiversity, Lake Tanganyika is constantly undergoing degradation, one of the main causes of which is pollution. This pollution represents a perilous threat against certain species. These include physical pollution due to erosion of watersheds, chemical pollution due to wastewater, wastewater, and chemical products from industries.