Climate studies agree that climate change (CC) occurred during the second half of the 20th century and the temperature rose by an average of 0.6°C. 2/3 of this temperature increased as early as 1975.

The vulnerability and impacts of CC on health are analyzed in terms of geographic distribution and probable vulnerability factors. This does not depend only on the evolution of the climate but above all on the level of socio-economic development of the country.

For the health sector, several studies establish a fairly clear relationship between certain climatic parameters and the occurrence of diseases. The populations most vulnerable to the perverse effects of CC are children under 5 years of age, pregnant women from poor sections of the community, the chronically ill, the immunocompromised and the poor. Health professionals are wondering about the consequences that climate change could have on the evolution of human infectious diseases. It seems that we can expect local geographical extensions of these infections, both in latitude and altitude, leading to epidemic surges, but also sometimes to spectacular regressions. This statement is confirmed in this study on vulnerability and adaptation to climate change for the health sector. To better understand the subject, the work focused on the analysis of malaria trends. Indeed, this vector disease has been studied through its trends in time and space. Its projected evolution by 2050 shows that precipitation associated with temperature work in synergy to stabilize, increase or regress cases.

After the introduction and the methodology used to carry out the study, this work is organized into four main parts:

• The first part discusses the current basic situation in the sector;
• The second concerns the projections of cases in targeted areas without or with climate change by 2050;
• The third part concerns adaptation strategies and the action plan;
• The last focuses on priority projects.