Pesticides are generally used to increase agro-pastoral production. However, these chemicals can pose a risk to human health and the environment when improperly managed. Assessing their toxicity in order to adopt mitigation measures is one of the recommended strategies. The objective of this study is therefore to assess the toxicity of the active ingredients (AM) contained in pesticides registered in Burundi. To do this, the toxicity of 70 MA was documented based on data published in scientific journals and data from the Pesticide Action Network (PAN) and Joint Meeting on Pesticide Management (JMPM). The results show that 27.1%, 32.9% and 15.7% of the AMs studied are respectively toxic to mammals, aquatic organisms and both at the same time. In addition, 62.9%, 37.1% and 31.4% of the AMMs studied are respectively prohibited according to the criteria of the PAN, the JMPM and the two organizations at the same time. These results also show that AMMs such as endosulfan, aldicab and carbofuran were banned by 79.01%, 77.16% and 51.23% of the countries concerned by the classification respectively while they are still in use in Burundi. This study identifies some shortcomings related to the management of pesticides in Burundi, draws attention to the risk to human health and the environment and proposes some possible solutions for good regulation.